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In music, a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout most or all of a piece. The word ''drone'' is also used to refer to any part of a musical instrument that is just used to produce such an effect, as is the archaic term ''burden'' (''bourdon'' or ''burdon'')〔Gove, Philip Babcock (1961). ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary'', . Riverside Press. .〕〔Brown, John (1816). ''Encyclopaedia Perthensis; Or Universal Dictionary of the Arts, Sciences, Literature, &c. Intended to Supersede the Use of Other Books of Reference, Volume 4'', p.487. 2nd edition. .〕 such as, "the drone () of a bagpipe,"〔Lloyd, Edward (1896). ''(Lloyd's Encyclopaedic Dictionary: A New and Original Work of Reference to the Words in the English Language, Volume 1 )'', p.743. .〕〔Wedgwood, H. (1859). ''A dictionary of English etymology'', p.210. Рипол Классик. ISBN 9785874642921.〕 the pedal point in an organ, or the lowest course of a lute. Burden also refers to a part of a song that is repeated at the end of each stanza, such as the chorus or refrain.〔 The term comes from the French ''bourdon'', a staff; or a pipe made in the form of a staff. "The drone does not take its name from the bee. It is a far older word," sharing an Indo-European root ("''dhran'', to drone, to hum") with the Sanskrit "dhran", the Greek "thren-os", and the English "thrum", "drum", and "dream".〔Brabner, John H F., ed. (1884). ''(The national encyclopædia )'', Vol. V, p.99. Libr. ed. William McKenzie. .〕 ==Musical effect== "Of all harmonic devices, it (drone ) is not only the simplest, but probably also the most fertile."〔van der Merwe, Peter (1989). ''Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music'', p.65. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-316121-4.〕 A drone effect can be achieved through a sustained sound or through repetition of a note. It most often establishes a tonality upon which the rest of the piece is built. A drone can be instrumental, vocal or both. Drone (both instrumental and vocal) can be placed in different ranges of the polyphonic texture: in the lowest part, in the highest part, or in the middle. The drone is most often placed upon the tonic or dominant (play "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" with a drone on the , on the , or on . Compare with .). A drone on the same pitch as a melodic note tends to both hide that note and to bring attention to it by increasing its importance. A drone differs from a pedal tone or point in degree or quality. A pedal point may be a form of nonchord tone and thus required to resolve unlike a drone, or a pedal point may simply be considered a shorter drone, a drone being a longer pedal point. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Drone (music)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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